In addition, isoflavone content and composition were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Antioxidant activity of seed extracts was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity assay. A positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and contents of total polyphenols and anthocyanins was established. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the extracts of black and brown varieties, which also showed

high levels of all polyphenol classes examined. Yellow seed had the highest total isoflavone content (3.62 mg/g of dry material). The highest concentration of total daidzein was determined in black seeds (>2.0 mg/g selleck inhibitor of dry material),

and the highest total glycitein and genistein contents occurred selleckchem in the yellow cultivar (0.53 and 1.49 mg/g of dry material, respectively). According to our results, varieties of black and brown seeds could be of special interest not only for their large content of total polyphenols, ranging from 4.94 to 6.22mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of dry material, but also for their high content of natural antioxidants such as anthocyanins.”
“An amperometric biosensor for the detection of polyphenols in wine has been developed immobilizing the two enzymes Tyrosinase and Laccase on graphite screen printed electrodes modified with ferrocene. Different immobilization procedures have been carried out, the sensor operational

VX-680 purchase parameters have been optimized, determining the best conditions and the analytical method for the analysis of samples. The biosensor has been then tested with real samples, using wines and musts supplied by Astra, experimental winery, in Imola (Italy). The biosensor gave good results when employed for wine analysis, showing a good agreement with the spectrophotometric data obtained with the Folin-Ciocalteu test, the official method for polyphenols’ analysis in wine. On the other hand, the measurements on musts and wines recently bottled, were seriously affected by the presence of an high level of free sulphur dioxide. SO(2) is the likely responsible for enzyme activity inhibition on the sensor. Further studies are currently proceeding to find out the most suitable conditions to obtain results not influenced by the presence of sulphur dioxide. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“In order to expand the utility of current polymeric micellar systems, we have developed amphiphilic multiblock copolymers containing alternating blocks of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(styrene). Heterotelechelic poly(tert-butyl acrylate-b-styrene) diblock copolymers containing an alpha-alkyne and an omega-azide were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), allowing control over the molecular weight while maintaining narrow polydispersity indices.