Regular PCR and quantitative real-time PCR analyses confirmed the presence of 1 or 2 copies of the egfp gene in analyzed plants. The highly efficient regeneration and transformation systems established in this study may enable genetic improvement of this vegetatively propagated species through biotechnological means.”
“Background and purpose: Disturbance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is frequently encountered in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we

examined changes in systemic Oligomycin A in vivo and cerebral hemodynamics during the cold pressor test (CPT) to determine whether cerebrovascular reactivity, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, is intact or impaired in patients with PD.\n\nMethods: Forty-nine patients with PD and 49 sex- and age-matched non-PD subjects were evaluated. Measurements were performed in the resting, state and over a period of 1 min of CPT. The cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and pulsatility index (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were recorded by transcranial color-coded Doppler selleckchem ultrasonography (TCCS). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and end-tidal

CO(2) (Et-CO(2)) were investigated simultaneously. The resistance of the cerebrovascular bed (CVR) was calculated as the ratio of mean arterial blood pressure to mean cerebral blood flow velocity (V(m)). Changes of V(m), PI and CVR in response to the cold pressor test were evaluated.\n\nResults: Baseline values for control and PD subjects showed no statistical difference. CPT induced a significant increase in MAP, HR, and V(m) in both groups. Pulsatility

index (PI) and CVR were decreased in both groups during CPT. Percent increases of V(m) (P < 0.001) and MAP (P = 0.011) were significantly higher while the percent decreases P005091 manufacturer of PI (P = 0.002) and CVR (P = 0.007) were significantly decreased more in the non-PD group.\n\nConclusions: This study indirectly shows that ANS-mediated cerebrovascular reactivity is impaired in patients with PD. Further investigations are needed to confirm the hypothesis that using the cold pressor test to evaluate cerebrovascular reactivity might be beneficial in early diagnosis of impairment of ANS-mediated cerebrovascular autoregulation in patients with PD. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“With the rapid development of the electromagnetic launch technology, the performance requirements for the charging power supply are increasing. To control the charging rate accurately and get the steady load voltage, a phase-shift control system was designed. This system adopted the control method which regulates the phase angles of the driving pulses by calculating the relationship of the voltage feedback and the preset charging time.