There are few data on the adherence in real life for pharmacological treatments of allergic rhinitis (e.g. nasal steroids or antihistamines),

whereas more data are available for specific immunotherapy. In this latter case, in real life, adherence seems to be far from optimal, for both sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy, although the recent studies agree on the fact that some interventions (i.e. patients education, strict follow-up, regular contacts) could effectively improve the adherence. In this article, the literature concerning the adherence to pharmacological selleck treatments and immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis was searched and reviewed.”
“Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and Akt are two major cell-survival pathways that are often constitutively activated in cancer cells. It has been established that these two pathways contribute substantially toward the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Our previous study has demonstrated that NF-kappa B and Akt cooperatively blunt cytotoxicity induced by cisplatin or etopside in different types of cancer cells in vitro, indicating that PF-02341066 purchase the concurrent blocking of these pathways may effectively improve the anticancer efficacy of anticancer therapeutics. In this study, we further investigated the effect of concurrent blockade of NF-kappa B and Akt on the anticancer activity of cisplatin in vivo in

a xenograft tumor model. The NF-kappa B and Akt pathways in the A549 lung cancer cells were blocked individually or concurrently by the stable transfection of plasmids expressing short hairpin RNAs that target Akt1 and I kappa B kinase

beta. The resultant cells with concurrent NF-kappa B and Akt blockade were significantly more sensitive to cisplatin-induced cell death in vitro. Consistently, tumors BIIB057 derived from cells with the concurrent blockade of NF-kappa B and Akt were much more sensitive to cisplatin compared with those derived from cells with individual blockage of NF-kappa B or Akt in a nude mouse xenograft tumor model. Apoptosis was significantly enhanced in the double pathway-suppressed and cisplatin-treated tumors. These results show for the first time that the concurrent blockage of the NF-kappa B and Akt pathways cooperatively potentiates the antitumor activity of cisplatin in vivo, indicating that this strategy may be potentially useful for clinical anticancer therapy. Anti-Cancer Drugs 23:1039-1046 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“Invasive infections due to filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., Zygomycetes, Scedosporium and Fusarium spp., cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies, recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants and those with chronic granulomatous disease.